Implementation of Kalman Filter for Stabilizing Ultrasonic Sensor Reading on Distilled Ethanol Levels Measurement

Digitalization measurements, such as sensors, are growing significantly. An ethanol concentration sensor is a digital device for measuring the ethanol content in a solution. Measuring ethanol in a solution might help to identify the ethanol levels, especially in halal-food beverages or some food-agricultural products. The main issue in measuring ethanol on distilled products is the unstable surface, which could be incorrect analysis. Therefore, in this research Kalman filter algorithm was designed on an ultrasonic sensor to reduce the incorrect reading analysis. The result gave a covariance matrix of the measurement noise (Q) = 0.00001 and a covariance matrix associated with the noise in states (R) = 5999.3955 and potential to apply, which gives better accuracy and stability to the reading data.