A Short Review on the Situation of Municipal Biodegradable Solid Waste Treatment

Biodegradable solid waste (BSW) is the main component of municipal solid waste (MSW), accounting for a significant proportion of 44%. Handling BSW varies depending on the situation of the waste management system and socioeconomic conditions of each country. This study aims at giving a short review of the current situation of BSW treatment methods in the World. With the high amount of BSW, landfilling and incineration are the most reliable methods for low- and middle-income countries. While in developed nations, BSW accounted for 20–40% of the total waste, making Waste-to-Energy the second-best option besides recycling. With a low efficiency of waste segregation at source, BSW in Vietnam accounted for 55-75% of the total MSW. Landfilling was the main method of handling BSW in Vietnam, with 76%, followed by composting with 16%, and the remaining 13% was sent to incineration plants. Since 2022, the Vietnamese Government has promulgated the Environmental Protection Strategies, with the main target being to increase waste recycling and reduce the waste to landfill to 30% by 2025. To achieve these goals, further study to enhance the application of sustainable methods for BSW treatment must be focused.