Review on Optimization Strategies and Techniques Used in Wind Turbine Modelling

The future of humanity and the planet undeniably depends on how we obtain and use energy. The massive surge in demand and global environmental changes caused by fossil fuels have become a major challenge. Consequently, renewable energy, derived from naturally replenishing sources, has become a crucial source for meeting our energy needs in a clean and sustainable manner. The most popular types of renewable energy are solar and wind energy. In this context, wind turbines can be categorized into two types: onshore and offshore, with a global capacity exceeding 840 gigawatts (up from 742.4 in 2020), sufficient to provide over 7 % of global power demand. Morocco's geographical location offers significant wind energy potential, with wind speeds averaging 7.5-9.5 m/s in the south and 9.5-11 m/s in the north. The Moroccan government sees this as a promising source of renewable energy and is actively working on projects to enhance this sector. One of the main challenges in this field is the variability and unpredictability of wind resources. Therefore, developing optimization methods to maximize wind energy production despite these fluctuations is crucial. This review discusses various operational control strategies for wind turbines and compares these methods. The goal of this research is to serve as a comprehensive reference for future studies on wind turbine system control to optimize wind power production.