Counter-propagating scalar and vector beams for subwavelength shaping and particle manipulation

This article discusses using two counterpropagating scalar and/or vector Bessel-Gaussian Beams to generate a complex light field with three-dimensionally varying amplitude, phase, and polarization. The interaction creates oscillating polarization patterns, altering ellipticity and handedness. This technique facilitates subwavelength customization of light, thereby enabling advanced optical manipulation.