Integrated Microwave-to-Optical Converters on Thin- Film Lithium Niobate

Microwave-to-optical converters using patch and bowtie antennas are demonstrated on the thin-film lithium niobate platform. Experimental results exhibit bandwidth of 3 GHz and 5 GHz, and figure of merit of 0.93 W
^-1/2
and 0.32 W
^-1/2
, using patch and bow-tie antennas, respectively, at 28 GHz frequency.