Study of Antenna/Rectenna Communication Network Energy Harvesting for Radio Frequency (RF) Based on Metamaterial Structure

Energy harvesting (EH), commonly called scavenging, is acquiring useful electricity from nearby natural or artificial energy sources. This article presents a literature evaluation of a 2-D thinner metamaterials-focused radio frequency energy scavenger for the Internet of Things (IoT). The study briefly introduces meta-surfaces before looking at the most recent developments for microwave power transmission and harvesting in this field. Several important variables have been highlighted that contribute to the efficacy of these meta-surface notions. This review also discusses meta-surfaces as adaptable, smart surfaces in wireless connections that simultaneously transfer information and energy. Last but not least, the paper analyzes existing difficulties and potential future opportunities, such as the potential use of ambiently charged programmable smart surfaces in the next generation of wireless communication to govern radio settings. The essential characteristics of the antenna (Rectenna) construction are covered in this topic, such as the efficiency of the reception antenna, the efficiency of the conversion, the size, the characteristics of the sustaining substrates, the available bandwidth, and the overall quality, etc. The rectenna was designed using conventional antennas. These antennas, which exhibit poor energy conversion efficiency, especially as the size grows, include slot antennas, microstrip antennas, frequency-reconfigurable antennas, coplanar antennas, and others. EH collectors frequently utilize meta-surfaces and meta-material structures to overcome the abovementioned issues, increase conversion efficiency, and achieve a smaller size.