Evaluation of NFPA 780 Standard for Lightning Protection of Oil and Gas Installation in Indonesia

Lightning strikes pose a significant threat, as they have the potential to cause severe damage to both structures and oil tank farms, often resulting in catastrophic explosions. In response to this danger, the oil and gas industry in Indonesia has taken proactive steps by implementing the NFPA 780 Standard, which outlines guidelines for lightning protection systems. Despite these efforts, the problem persists, with tanks continuing to explode and refineries suffering shutdowns due to lightning strikes, both direct and indirect, occurring on an annual basis. This persistent issue underscores the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the self-protecting criteria specified in the NFPA 780 standard, especially concerning their suitability in tropical climates like Indonesia's. Some specific cases related to tank explosions in Indonesia will be closely examined. By studying these incidents, it becomes apparent that simply adhering to the NFPA 780 standard may not be sufficient to safeguard critical infrastructure in Indonesia effectively. Consequently, it will be demonstrated that Indonesia should consider adopting additional protective measures and strategies that go beyond the minimum requirements outlined in the standard. Such measures may include tailor-made lightning protection solutions designed to withstand the unique lightning risks posed in tropical climates, ensuring the safety and integrity of oil and gas facilities in the region.