PV Injection Power Estimation Method Based on Voltage Sensitivity Analysis Optimized by SA-BPSO Algorithm

The on-grid status and output power of grid-connected photovoltaics have important impact on the safe and economic operation of the distribution network. However, in many cases, distribution system operators are unable to directly and accurately monitor the PV's operating status. To address these problems, this paper proposes a PV injection power estimation method based on voltage sensitivity analysis optimized by adaptive Simulated Annealing-Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (SA-BPSO) algorithm. Firstly, the voltage sensitivity matrix is constructed based on the relationship between node injection power and node voltage magnitude. Secondly, an adaptive SA-BPSO algorithm is utilized to determine the minimum number and optimal locations of voltage monitoring devices. Subsequently, the observable voltage magnitude data are jointly calculated with the voltage sensitivity matrix to estimate the PV injection power. Finally, the proposed method is tested using the IEEE 34-node distribution network. The results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the PV on-grid status and power output for the three validation scenarios, namely, PV off-grid, PV power variation, and the combination of the two. It can serve as a guideline for achieving accurate PV injection power estimation with as few voltage monitoring devices as possible under the requirement of meeting the economic constraints of voltage monitoring devices.