A Frequency Support Strategy of Multiple Wind Power Plants Based on Consensus Algorithm

In recent years, as renewable energy-based generation are increasing, the concern about the frequency stability and inertia has raised in power systems. To address these issues, various virtual inertia control methods for wind turbine (WT) by utilizing the rotor's kinetic energy (KE) have been recently developed. Moreover, as the penetration level of wind farms (WFs) continues to increase, conventional centralized control schemes face challenges such as time delays or communication failures. In addition, existing distributed control for WFs does not adequately consider the individual operating states of each WT. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a consensus-based distributed control scheme that considers the amount of KE stored in each WT, ensuring an effective frequency response (FR). In addition, a rotor speed recovery control strategy is developed to prevent secondary frequency drop (SFD) caused by sudden reductions of WT's output. The proposed distributed control scheme can provide temporary FR without excessive deceleration of rotor speed and reduce the SFD simultaneously. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control approach is validated through a case study based on PSCAD/EMTDC simulation.