Energy Analysis for the Base Station: Analytical Approach

The growing prominence of wireless sensor networks underscores the necessity of continuous operation for these networks, chiefly dependent on the uninterrupted availability of base stations (BSs). However, this constant operation of BSs incurs substantial energy consumption. In response, this study employs a semi-Markov model to depict BS availability, accounting for failures in key components such as the baseband unit, remote unit, and software module. In the context of 5G cellular networks, energy-saving strategies for base stations (BSs) have become increasingly vital due to their substantial power consumption, a striking four-fold increase compared to 4G. By assigning reward rates based on component energy consumption, the analysis provides insights into expected energy usage within the model. This work not only presents a practical solution but also highlights the critical importance of achieving optimal energy usage in 5G BSs for the evolving wireless landscape.