Disaster-Resilient Smart City Framework; A Cross-Layer Protocol Analysis for Emergency Earthquake Response

In today's world, the integration of the “Internet of Things” (IoT) has unleashed new possibilities, altering how people interact with their surroundings and boosting industry productivity. The term IoT refers to the concept of connecting physical devices and objects to the internet to gather, exchange, and analyse data. IoT networks can be very useful in handling emergency situations and providing alerts on potential natural disasters due to their capacity to generate real-time data, communicate swiftly among sensors, automate responses, and adapt to diverse settings. The IoT operates on a diverse range of protocols, functioning across multiple layers. This research paper focuses on identifying the most effective IoT environment for handling emergency situations, specifically earthquakes. By analysing and comparing various protocols operating at the Network layer, MAC layer, and RDC layer of the Contiki OS, the paper aims to determine the optimal suite of protocols to trigger emergency evacuations and plan efficient movement of people across such regions in order to save human lives.