Simulation Study of High Gain 2.45 GHz Wearable Microstrip Patch Antenna for WSN Applications

Wearable textile antennas have more potential applications, due to the expanding use of wireless wearable communications in smart clothing systems. Specifically, the advanced wearable Internet of things (IoT's) devices led to mandate flexible antennas with better electrical and safety requirements. In this manuscript, a complete design of 2.45 GHz resonanted flexible antenna has been investigated and proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) applications. The geometry of proposed antenna with partial ground of
$55.02\ \text{mm}\times 55.86$
mm, substrate of
$73.66\ \text{mm}\times 58.98\ \text{mm}$
and rectangular patch of
$66.46\ \text{mm}\times 48.98\ \text{mm}$
has been employed. The defected ground structure (DGS) methodology with low dielectric constant (
$\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}$
) flexible substrate has been employed to enhance the performance parameters of proposed antenna. The defected ground plane & patch of the designed antenna is made up of Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) with a thickness of 0.05 mm. In the given antenna design, denim is a textile material, used as substrate having dielectric constant (
$\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}$
) of 1.6 with thickness of 2.1 mm. The prototype antenna's performance has been evaluated in terms of input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain (dB), directivity (dBi). The wearable antenna has been resonated at 2.45 GHz frequency with gain and directivity of 5.47 dB and 7.96 dBi, respectively with minimal return loss of −53.18 dB. The proposed textile antenna has bandwidth of 80 MHz with input impedance of 50 ohms. The novelty of this work is miniature in size and flexibility with better outcomes than previous investigations. It's compact size and flexibility enable the structure to be easily integrated into wearable IoT devices such as rain coats, safety jackets, etcetera for health care, tracking, and rescue/search determinations. The simulations have been carried out using computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio 2016 software and studied the antenna characteristics.