I. INTRODUCTION
Because of the high death and recurrence rates of cerebrovascular disease, it has grown to be a serious threat to human health. Multi-modal and high-precision cerebrovascular images are especially important for better diagnosing and treating cerebrovascular diseases. In the last 3 decades, cerebrovascular imaging has evolved at a rapid pace [1], to a point where there are now multiple modalities in routine use, each with its own dizzying array of specialized techniques that characterize specific anatomic or physiologic features of disease. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) serve as the three core imaging modalities for vascular imaging in current practice. Each provides a complementary lens through which to view the biological complexity of cerebrovascular disease. The use of catheter angiography has gradually declined over the last three decades, as the accuracy of non-invasive CT and MRI has improved significantly. Nonetheless, given its inherently high spatial and temporal resolution, DSA remains the gold standard for evaluation in many vascular disorders, as shown in Fig. 1.