Energy Aware Clustering Routing Protocol for Dense Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Network

Devices used in network communication have changed due to rapid advancements in technology. Automated monitoring of the underwater environment utilizing underwater sensors has been made possible by the introduction of the internet of underwater things (IoUT). As a result of various factors which includes low bandwidth, high proliferation latency, absorption, attenuation, and restricted energy, underwater sensor networks are very different from terrestrial networks. There are several restrictions that affect underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks, including node mobility, multi path fading, propagation delay, limited bandwidth, and sensor node battery life. The communication process using underwater acoustic wireless sensor network involves sensor nodes that depend on battery power which makes it quite challenging to be recharged or replaced. To effectively assess the amount of communication to base station, network scale plays a major role in energy preservation between sensor nodes. Hence, this paper proposes a dense energy efficient routing protocol using low energy adaptive hierarchical routing protocol (LEACH) named as LEACH-dense underwater acoustic routing protocol (LEACH-DUARP). LEACH-DUARP was simulated using Aquasim-NG for NS-3 against the conventional LEACH and LEACH-direct routing protocol. Simulation results indicate LEACH-DUARP surpasses LEACH and LEACH-direct routing protocols in terms of dead nodes and residual energy for a varying number of nodes.