Automatic Transfer Switch for Hybrid Sources On Portable E-bike Charging Station

The Automatic Transfer Switch is a device that combines photovoltaic and grid energy sources by prioritizing photovoltaic sources as the top priority. The e-bike as a charging station load works at a voltage of 220–231 VAC with a power of 120 watts (0.5 A). There are two methods applied to this Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). Firstly, renewable energy sources use the permitted inverter input rating method; this method is a combined method of the standard allowable DC voltage drop on the system feeder, the recommended DOD storage limit on the type of lead acid battery, and the nominal inverter input voltage. Secondly, the standard method of AC voltage drop or over voltage is allowed for sources grid. This method is an update on this Automatic Transfer Switch device.The results of the experiment that have been carried out on the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) show that when the inverter input voltage is rated at 11.2–15 Vdc, the photovoltaic will supply to the load, the inverter will continue to work on the e-bike load until the storage battery has a voltage capacity of 70% DOD or 11.2 Vdc. The grid will supply e-bikes when the inverter input voltage is below 11.2 Vdc or above 15 Vdc. The switching duration is longer when the load of three e-bikes is attached, with a switching surpass of 0.4s. The switching duration is faster when a load of 0.53 A is installed with a time of 0.2s generated in the millis program.