Localization for Autonomous Navigation: A Brief Overview

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are a novel technology possessing a vast and diversified body of literature which requires in-depth studies to drive further advances. One crucial aspect of autonomous operation is achieving precise and reliable localization to enable safe navigation in different environments. This paper provides a concise overview of the state of the art in localization techniques for Autonomous Navigation Systems (ANS), focusing on summarizing the most significant concepts and methodologies based on a collection of previous comprehensive literature reviews. Different approaches for AVs localization are presented, followed by a custom categorization of prevailing techniques. Visual Odometry (VO) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) are emphasized as the most promising localization methods. Challenges and research opportunities, including multi-sensor fusion and vehicular networks, are highlighted. The aim of this work is to shed light on the foundations essential attributes of localization methods, thereby facilitating further research in autonomous mobility projects.