“State-of-Charge Estimation Methodology for Lithium-Ion Batteries Utilizing Extended Kalman Filtering”

This paper describes a novel extended Kalman filter (EKF) technique for accurate state-of-charge (SoC) estimation in lithium-ion batteries, which is defined using the second-order Thevenin model and confirmed through pulse discharge testing. The suggested innovations have the potential to dramatically enhance battery management in a variety of applications, including portable electronics, renewable energy systems, and electric vehicles. The approach achieves amazing precision in SoC estimate, with an error rate of less than 1 %, answering the rigorous requirements of battery management systems and contributing to the effective consumption and management of lithium-ion battery resources.