Multi-Criteria Methodology to Prioritize the Replacement and Maintenance of Power Transformers

Power transformers play a fundamental and costly role in the power system. Their failures can lead to a series of operational and financial losses, significantly impacting various customers. Additionally, their influence on the regulatory remuneration base is significant, and the manufacturing process for replacement involves longer delivery times. In this context, a multicriteria methodology was developed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to classify transformers in the high-voltage distribution substation, prioritizing those in need of replacement or maintenance. The application of this methodology results in a ranking of priorities, considering the technical, economic, and regulatory aspects to which each equipment is subject. The study was conducted using a dataset of real transformers from a Brazilian power utility. The results allowed for the identification of facilities that should receive priority in investments, considering the weighting of the criteria and the input from a group of experts. It is essential to highlight that the combination of criteria weights can lead to variations in the order of importance, emphasizing the absence of an absolute criterion and underscoring the relevance of individually analyzing each transformer. The oldest transformer may not always be prioritized for replacement, as operational conditions and regulatory impact can influence the prioritization order, aiming to ensure prudent investment and the continuous supply of energy in an efficient manner.