Energizing Cold Load: Demand After a Full System Outage

It takes power to generate power; this is particularly important after a blackout. For a restoration to be successful following partial or total system outages, a restoration plan must be organized, put into action, and tested as required by reliability organizations. High impact events, such as natural disasters and cyber-attacks, are known to cause outages lasting anywhere from minutes to several days, affecting the electric grid's infrastructure and delaying restoration efforts. Restoring load after a prolonged interruption-generally referred to as cold load pickup-requires additional power which can exceed equipment's rating and restricts grid operators from simultaneously re-energizing the affected area. This paper implements a load model that considers the effects of cold load for synthetic cases to improve the level of detail in modeling black start procedures. A blackstart scenario where cold load effects are considered is compared with a case (baseline) where cold load is not present.