Enhancement Three-Dimensional Localization of ArUco Marker Under Photon-Starved Conditions

In this paper, we propose a method to improve the recognition rate of ArUco markers under photon-starved conditions by using preprocessing such as photon counting algorithm and histogram equalization to estimate the exact three-dimensional(3D) location of improved objects. In the conventional ArUco marker recognition technology, the recognition rate of ArUco markers decreases under photon-starved conditions, and the exact 3D location of the object cannot be estimated. In the conventional ArUco marker recognition technology, the photon counting algorithm can be used to estimate the 3D location of objects by recognizing ArUco markers under photon-starved conditions. However, the photon counting algorithm has the problem that the computation speed is slowed down when there are many photons to estimate, and the recognition rate of the ArUco marker is reduced when there are few photons to estimate. To solve these problems of the photon counting algorithm and improve the recognition rate of ArUco markers, we apply histogram equalization to ArUco markers with the photon counting algorithm. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, we implement simulations using the Open Manipulator-X platform and show performance metrics such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR).