Autonomous Golf Ball Picker: The First in Singapore Golf Environment

This study develops an autonomous vehicle (AV) that demonstrate the capability to operationalize a self-driving buggy in a golf driving range environment. The autonomous golf ball picker is a custom-built system that was converted from a manually driven to a drive-by-wire vehicle integrated with sensors, Artificial Intelligence (AI) system for the navigation, control, detection, and recognition of golf balls being collected at the golf driving range grounds. The deployment of the AV golf ball picker was demonstrated at Sembawang Country Club (SCC), Singapore. This was the first AV in the golf club in Singapore.