Connection CdS/CdTe Based Photovoltaic Converters in Micromodules

This article explores the challenges in producing efficient thin-film photovoltaic converters based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and proposes potential solutions to improve their performance and reduce production costs. The existing production technologies for CdTe converters struggle to compete with poly and single-crystal silicon converters due to scalability issues. The study investigates the possibility of combining small-area CdTe converters into micromodules, which can leverage high-tech production methods and lower costs. Additionally, the article suggests equipping these converters with hybrid thermal photo energy systems to compensate for the lower efficiency of CdTe converters. Experimental samples of flexible PVC/CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au converters are manufactured using various deposition techniques, and their structural and optical characteristics are analyzed. The article also discusses the connection of solar cells in micromodules and compares the performance of parallel and serial connections. Theoretical and experimental evaluations of the micromodules’ output parameters, such as short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, and efficiency, are presented. The results indicate that serial connections yield better performance, and the article discusses the reasons behind the discrepancies between theoretical and experimental efficiency values. Finally, the manufacturing and research of PVC micromodules on flexible substrates are explored, focusing on the geometry of rear film electrodes and its impact on performance.