Age of Information-Based Observer Design for Cyber-Physical Power System Frequency Control

Cyber-physical power system (CPPS) frequency control faces the state estimation error brought by cyber contingencies, such as delay and packet loss. The current CPPS study mainly focuses on resilient observer design against cyber contingencies. The controllability of the cyber contingencies, however, is overlooked. This paper introduces the age of information (AoI) for the observer design of CPPS frequency control. AoI is equipped with the observability and controllability of cyber contingencies. Namely, the AoI model can be used to characterize and alleviate cyber contingencies. Then, the state estimation error is proposed as an AoI penalty function. Next, the packet management and the observer gain are integrated into the design for the AoI penalty function minimization. Finally, a case study is carried out on a single- area CPPS and it shows that the proposed algorithm provides better state estimation accuracy.