Design of Hub-and-Spoke Network Based on Congestion Problems

Large-scale cargo Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have garnered significant attention as a promising innovation in the realm of delivery vehicles. In response to the potential congestion issues with UAVs, we design a hub-and-spoke network using multi-allocation and direct connection strategies. Two congestion optimization models consisting of a UAV logistics hub-and-spoke network with congestion waiting (ULCW) and a UAV logistics hub-and-spoke network with congestion redistribution (ULCR) are proposed based on a congestion cost function. Through case analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed models is demonstrated, with ULCR exhibiting superior performance.