I. Introduction
The amount of fluid that moves across a particular cross-sectional region per unit of time is known as the flow rate. It is essential to measure flow rates accurately using the right flow meters to guarantee that fluid control procedures are efficient, safe, and cost-effective. Hydroelectric generation relies heavily on the ability to regulate water flow through pipelines. To accomplish a desired result, such as changing the strength, speed, or location of the hydraulic actuator, it entails adjusting the volume of hydraulic fluid. There are a variety of ways to manage the flow of water, and the best one to use will rely on a number of different things, including the space that may be used and the budget. This study of the literature aims to give a survey of the most significant techniques for regulating pipeline flow, including fundamental models, mechanical techniques, and the most recent advancements. Liquids are frequently kept in conical tanks for a variety of applications. These tanks have truncated cone shaped containers and can be made of different materials such as steel or reinforced concrete. Every product has advantages and disadvantages when it comes to measuring stress. For example, concrete tanks have better performance against longitudinal compressive stresses while the hoop is weaker against tensile stresses, while steel conical tanks are stronger against tensile ring stresses but their buckling capacity limits their resistance to meridian compression potential for tensile. There have recently been attempts to blend the two elements to make composite materials. Shear studs connect the tanks' concrete walls to their external steel shell. Conical storage tanks are currently the subject of a lot of research, including information on their design, production, and performance in a variety of environments.