Towards Adaptive User Interfaces: A Model-Driven Approach for mHealth Applications Targeting Chronic Disease

The reclassification of previously fatal diseases and the ageing of the population have contributed to the prevalence of chronic diseases [1]. Self-management is crucial in managing chronic diseases [1], [2]. mHealth interventions have the potential to promote self-management by improving medication adherence and facilitating self-tracking capabilities [3]. However, researches show that those who could benefit the most from mHealth solutions tend to use them the least [4]. In order to scale up the deployment of mHealth applications, especially for patients with chronic diseases, it is necessary to design user-friendly systems that cater to the diverse needs of users [4]. However, several challenges must be considered in achieving this goal. First, chronic disease is a highly heterogeneous disease affecting patients in different ways (i.e., triggers, symptoms, severity varied) [5]. Therefore, patients may have diverse needs regarding self-management. Second, the user interface (UI) design should take into account the fact that the phases of chronic disease change over time [6]. Numerous chronic diseases either deteriorate over time if left untreated, while others may improve with proper care and management [7]. Furthermore, chronic diseases are often comorbid with other medical and/or psychopathological disorders, adding complexity to their management [6]. Third, chronic disease is typically long-lasting, often spanning a person's lifetime [8]. Therefore, it is crucial for mHealth technologies to maintain user engagement and motivation in the long run.