Electrochemical Monitoring of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Based on Automated Nanoprobe Platform

The electrochemical detection of endogenous molecules from a single cell is a crucial technique for understanding fundamental cellular processes at the subcellular level and uncovering cellular heterogeneity. However, high throughput intracellular detection has posed significant challenges. This paper proposes a simple method for fabricating a nanoprobe for the electrochemical monitoring of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are important signaling molecules that play a key role in a wide range of cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. Combined with the automated nanoprobe platform, the study successfully achieved minimally invasive and efficient intracellular ROS detection in living cells. Moreover, the results reveal that the average ROS concentration in the cytoplasm and nucleus is uneven, which has important implications for the understanding of cellular redox signaling.