Tracer Particles with Encapsulated Resonators for Electromagnetic Localization and Tracking in Moving Bulk Materials

In this paper, we present a study on suitable tracer particles for localization and tracking in moving bulk materials using a multiple input multiple output frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar system. The proposed tracer particles are based on resonant structures that are integrated into dielectric host particles. The impact on the radar cross section, possible frequency encoding, and polarization effects are investigated with three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations and measurements.