Simulation model of arteriovenous fistula and stenosis detection based on Windkessel theory

Non-invasive monitoring is an effective method to improve the monitoring level of arteriovenous fistula. In this study, a simulation model of the arteriovenous fistula is established based on the extracorporeal circulation imitation system, which provides a repeatable experimental platform for subsequent research on arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Based on this model, simulation experiments with different degrees of stenosis are completed, and the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is used to collect stenosis signals. The analysis of the collected signals processing shows that as the stenosis becomes more serious, the high-frequency components in the PPG signals’ spectrum become clearer. In this work, establishing the simulation model and applying the PPG sensor provides a new idea for the non-invasive monitoring of arteriovenous fistula.