The e-Learning Models Adopts Metacognitive Strategies to Support and Influence Independent Learning: Literature Review

Metacognitive processes play an important role in independent learning, which supports and influences independent learning. e-Learning is one of the ICT systems that can be adapted to several rows of learning strategies, which are used to achieve learning success. The purpose of this study is to review previous studies that have discussed metacognitive strategies adopted in e-Learning, which will influence or support self-regulated learning. Research The research method used is a literature review sourced from several digital libraries, obtained from 39 of the latest studies from 2018 to 2022. The aspects that will be the main focus are the e-Learning model, various metacognitive strategies, data, and methods used for validation, and the effect of metacognitive strategies on self-regulated learning. The results show that the most widely used metacognitive strategies are planning, monitoring, and evaluation, the most widely used method is the t-test followed by descriptive statistics and Anova with the data sources most used in research coming from students. The problem that is still felt by researchers is the generalization of research results where time and research limitations are used. In addition, there are many models of metacognitive strategies that are widely used and adopted in e-Learning, but what is often used is the use of artificial intelligence technology in e-Learning to increase user interaction and attractiveness. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are several metacognitive strategies adopted into e-Learning that can support self-regulated learning.