Adaptive Multi-Agent-Zonal Protection Scheme for AC Microgrids

This study aims to develop an adaptive protection scheme that guarantees the correct operation of electrical protections for a microgrid (MG), according to its topological changes. For this purpose, the concept of multi-agent decentralized adaptive protection is used through the Gaia methodology, which offers autonomy in the decision-making process. The IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder network is used to evaluate the electrical protections operation, and six directional overcurrent relays (50/51/67) were integrated to protect the necessary system areas. It is shown that the inclusion of distributed energy resources (DER) in the network modifies the nominal currents in each relays proposed and cause loss of selectivity and coordination of the scheme. The proposed algorithm is adequate, and its behaviour could be evidenced through tests carried out offline using the ETAP RT software and in real-time simulation using the Hypersim software.