Challenges Issue and Application of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Systematic Literature Review

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become integral to the Internet of Things (IoT) industry. In WSN, power consumption is essential as most sensor nodes are battery-operated and need to be replaced or recharged periodically. Therefore, energy-efficient protocols are essential to prolong the lifetime of WSNs and ensure their optimal performance. This article also describes an overview of the energy-saving wireless sensor network protocols that have been proposed and implemented in recent years and also describes future research directions in this area. Challenges and applications of WSN are described efficiently so that a group of research scholars can understand the advantage and disadvantages of WSN.

I. Introduction

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become an integral part of the Internet of Things (IoT) industry. These networks consist of small, low-power, inexpensive devices called sensor nodes that can collect, process, and transmit data to base stations or gateways. The data collected by these sensor nodes can be used for various applications such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and healthcare [1]. However, the operation of these sensor nodes is constrained by limited power resources. This poses significant challenges to WSN design and deployment [2]. Energy efficiency is a key requirement for WSNs, as most sensor nodes are battery-powered and cannot be easily replaced or recharged. Efficient use of energy in WSNs is essential to ensure long-term operation and sustainability. Therefore, energy-efficient wireless sensor network protocols have been designed and developed to address the power consumption issue of WSNs. These protocols aim to minimize the power consumption of sensor nodes while maintaining the required level of performance and reliability.