Improving Hybrid Ac/dc Power System Resilience Using Enhanced Hybrid Power State Estimator

The integration of HVDC technologies in ac networks has been presented as a viable and efficient solution to accommodate the increased penetration of renewable energy sources in the smart grid. The heterogeneous nature of the smart grid brings attention to rehabilitating the grid at all levels. Therefore, State Estimation (SE) techniques need further modifications to have better situational awareness of the power operation. This paper proposes a unified power system state estimator which consists of a hybrid two-step SE approach. The estimator uses collected measurements from both the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to be able to refine the results and bound several types of False Data Injection (FDI) attacks. Moreover, a detailed mathematical model for the power coupling losses and the voltage control function of the VSC converter station is considered to reliably enhance the accuracy of the estimator and improve the system’s resilience against cyberattacks.