I. Introduction
The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) presents the opportunity to harness them as controllable power sources and energy storage devices through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) connections. [1]–[3]. By connecting EVs to microgrids and implementing suitable controls, we can reduce the strain on traditional energy resources and decrease carbon emissions [4], [5]. Additionally, using EVs in this way can stabilize voltage and strengthen the grid against potential collapse caused by imbalances in reactive power. However, if EV charging is not well coordinated, high penetration levels (45%) can lead to overloading of transformers and significant power losses in the distribution system. [6]–[9].