An Energy Efficient Multi-Region Based Mobile Routing Protocol to Improve Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the low cost and tiny sizes of sensor nodes. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are comprised of sensor nodes that are used in a variety of applications where human involvement can be severely difficult such as surveillance systems, agriculture, military operations, environmental monitoring, health care, and human safety. However, there are several challenges, such as the constraint of the sensor node’s battery, which limits long-distance data transmission and affects network lifetime and overall network performance. These recurring issues have piqued the interest of both industrial and academic researchers in the last decade. This paper proposes a multi-region based mobile routing (M-RBMR) protocol. The proposed protocol’s goals are to minimize energy consumption, increase network stability, and improve network lifetime by implementing a multi-hop communication between clusters and base station (BS) via routing nodes with sensor nodes using shortest path routing to communicate data to BS. The performance of our proposed energy-efficient routing protocol was evaluated and compared to the existing region-based mobile (RBM) routing using the MATLAB tool. The simulation results showed that the proposed protocol M-RBMR outperformed RBM by 12 percent in terms of network stability, and energy conservation respectively, improving the network lifetime by 27 percent and throughput by 80 percent.