A Novel Antenna Array with a User Flexible Metasurface

This paper is completed in two phases. The first phase includes the designing of the novel single element microstrip patch antenna. Operation of this single element antenna happens in three frequency bands presenting its multiband characteristics. The applications of the antenna extend to the sectors of meteorological satellites and earth exploration satellites in X-Band; radar and satellite communication in K-Band; radar communication along with 5G communication in Ka-Band. The issue with the single element antenna is its low gain. To solve this concern, the single element antenna is converted into a two-element antenna array which plays a necessary role to improve the gain by a huge amount. When a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) as well as a Normal Metasurface (without rotation of unit cells) is implemented along with the designed novel antenna array, a gain as high as 11.16 dBi is achieved. The second phase of the paper involves creating a novel User Flexible Metasurface. This metasurface is designed using circular unit cells. The orientation of these unit cells is changed by turning the unit cells in a circular direction along their circular axis at different angles and the gain is studied for each of these arrangements. These various unique orientations provide better gain as compared to the normal existing metasurface (without rotation of unit cells). After all these simulations, a novel empirical formula has also been designed for comparison between the theoretical (calculated) gain as well as simulated gain.