Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol Based on Data Dissemination for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has attracted much research interest in recent years, especially suitable routing protocols. In this paper, we design a multi-hop energy-efficient routing protocol based on data distribution. Specifically, we consider the actual underwater three-dimensional model, which results in severe energy consumption. During data transmission, relay nodes will serve for data distribution for the purpose of energy efficiency, where the nodes farther away from the surface sink node undertake fewer data forwarding tasks. The amount of data transmitted by each relay node is quantitatively related to the distance. Meanwhile, the TDMA MAC protocol is reasonably applied to the acoustic link. The simulations demonstrate that our routing protocol outperforms the reference algorithms in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption balance.