Gain of LL Metaloop-n Antennas

A metaloop antenna whose circumference,
$C$
, is larger than two free-space wavelengths
$(C=m\lambda_{0}$
with
$m > 2$
is designated as an LL metaloop antenna. This paper focuses on the gain of the LL metaloop antenna. Firstly, the gain is investigated under the condition that
$C$
is one guided wavelength:
$C=m\lambda_{0}=1\lambda_{\mathrm{g}}$
with
$m > 2$
. This gain is referred to as the reference gain. Secondly, a different situation is simulated, where an electronic component, ELC, is inserted into the large space within the loop of the LL metaloop antenna. It is found that the gain at certain sizes of the ELC is either larger or smaller than the reference gain.