Optimizing Photovoltaic Performance of CsSnCl3-based Perovskite Solar Cells through Defect Density Control

In view of toxicity and durability concerns, the adoption of lead based-PSCs (perovskite solar cells) for commercial uses is severely restricted. Due to their potential for excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) as well as simplicity of fabrication, photovoltaic(PV) cells based on perovskite are currently pushed to the cutting edge of thin-film PV investigation and advancement. Pb or Sn-based common perovskite substances have been utilized for the production of cells. In such cases, Sn-based inorganic PSCs can be essential for the development of outstanding-performance PSCs. Here, demonstrate a theoretical investigation of a lead-free, environmentally friendly, and reliable CsSnCl
3
-based PSC. In this study, a device modeling CsSnCl
3
-based PV cells is carried out using SCAPS. The bulk defect density of active layer (CsSnCl
3
) is changed from 10
¹²
to 10
¹⁷
cm
^-3
. According to the overall results, the PV metrics are maximized when the flaw density of CsSnCl
3
-based PSC is lower. In cases where defects are at their lowest (10
¹²
cm
^-3
), the enhanced PV values are as follows: 30.01% PCE, 1.35 V
OC
, 26.31 mA/cm
²
J
SC
, and 84.35% FF make up the measured values. These findings highlight the importance of reducing the bulk defect density of CsSnCl
3
based PSCs for achieving high efficiency. With further research and development, lead-free perovskite solar cells based on CsSnCl
3
active layers could provide a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to traditional lead-based PSCs.