Voltage Driven Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors with Integrated Nanoholes Array

Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) is a phenomenon that occurs at the interface of metal and dielectric, where electromagnetic waves called Surface Plasmons (SPs) are excited [1]. SPs are particularly sensitive to the dielectric constant (refraction index) of surrounding media as it generates at the interface, making them ideal for detecting surface binding events [2]. This property has been widely used in commercially available SPR-based sensors, mostly biosensors [3], [4]. Another unique electrochemical-surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) methodology has been developed and demonstrated [5] that combines the optical detection of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the electric potential modulation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The key advantage of EC-SPR technique for biosensing applications is its immunity to undesired signals from bulk refractive index changes, which boosts detection selectivity and sensitivity [6].