Review of Image guided radiotherapy

Image guided radiotherapy (known as IGRT) has been a critical tool in the field of radiation oncology which has significantly increased the successful rate of managing cancer. Rather than using traditional radiotherapy techniques, for instance, conventional (or 2D) radiotherapy, the use of 3D and even 4D radiotherapy has been made possible due to the technological advances we are achieving in recent years. With the help of advanced imaging technology, not only did the precision of dose delivery increase dramatically, but also the toxicity to adjacent tissue decreased. But still, most importantly, many of the aspects of current radiotherapy techniques remain underdeveloped. The review will discuss the history of radiotherapy, common types of radiotherapy used, and some future development trends of radiotherapy. It also talks about the advantages and disadvantages each technique has along with improvement leading to the next generation of the more advanced technique with the help of artificial intelligence being used with a chronological order of invention.