N-Elements Pyramidal Horn Antenna Arrays for Ku Band Applications

Modern wireless systems require high gain, high bandwidth and antennas capable of good performance. In this article are presented the design and simulation of several linear and planar arrays of pyramidal horn antennas at the frequency of 13.3 GHz for satellite applications. First, antennas directivity is calculated for the three types of horn (
$E-\text{plane}$
sectoral horn,
$H- \text{plane}$
sectoral horn and pyramidal horn), and then the dependence of the distance between the elements and the phase dependence for each element is verify. The dependence of the radiation pattern on the element spacing the excitation of each element with different phase and half power beamwidth in the
$E-\text{plane}$
and the
$H-\text{plane}$
are discussed. In the linear and planar array with identical elements the optimal element spacing is
$4\lambda$
. In the case of a linear array, the beamwidth is reduced when the array consists of several identical elements and the distance between the elements is
$4\lambda$
. In a two-element linear array, two main lobes are obtained if the phase of one of the elements is 0° and the phase of the other is 180°. Good performances are obtained, for an optimal variant of a
$2 \times 2$
antenna array, when the distance between the antennas is
$4\lambda$
, the current magnitude is the same and the phase of the elements is 0° or 180. The phase of each element determines the maximum radiation direction of the antenna array, which represents an important and positive aspect because there is no need to manufacture an antenna for each application, thus reducing manufacturing costs. These linear and planar arrays of pyramidal horn antennas can be used to receive signals transmitted from multiple satellites, depending on how many lobes have an equal maximum magnitude. The antenna array design was simulated by using MATLAB and HFSS software. It had resulted that the proposed antenna array can be used in the Ku frequency band.