Simulated Characteristics of a PV Module with Low-Resistance Defects

To provide guidance on coping with the problem of low resistance defective hot-spots in solar panels, this paper simulates the characteristics of module with hot-spots under different conditions for solar cells with low-resistance defects. Hot spots are formed in shaded locations, and low-resistance defective cells under reverse bias generate heating power. Through simulated module analysis, I-V and P-V characteristic trends can be predicted for PV module with low-resistance defects under different temperatures and solar intensities. And the effect of shunt resistance on the heat generation of hot-spot was analyzed. The maximum power point under the premise of zero heat generation in the simulation is proposed as the safe operating point. It is possible to predict the maximum safe operating power for PV module with low-resistance defects. The power of the safe operating point and the maximum power point power were evaluated for different shadow sizes, providing guidance for practical use.