Modeling and Control of Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Fed Open-End-Winding Induction Motor in Electric Vehicles

This paper describes the model of hybrid clean energy feeding an open-end winding induction motor. Mainly, the objective of this paper is to regulate the distribution of power between different power sources using inner/outer loop algorithms. The inner loop governs the motor current and power allocation among the sources, whereas the outer loop is responsible for regulating the voltage of the storage element and ensuring that the primary source is operating at its optimal capacity. The hybrid system utilizes a fuel cell as the primary energy source and a supercapacitor as the secondary energy source. The primary energy source is responsible for providing the required energy to the electric vehicle as well as to the storage source in a specific case, while the secondary energy source is utilized to supplement power during acceleration and to capture and store excess energy during the braking process. As well as the fast-acting and dynamic nature of the supercapacitor can aid the fuel cell in its initiation process. The presence of a supercapacitor in fuel cell-powered vehicles is highly promising as it has the potential to substantially decrease hydrogen consumption and enhance vehicle efficiency. The hybrid DC sources are linked to the terminals of the stator of the induction motor (IM) through a dual inverter. The OEWIM configuration is defined by the removal of several passive elements, resulting in a system structure that is not bulky or complex, with improved reliability, efficiency, redundancy, and power quality compared to the traditional structure. A field-oriented torque method (FOC) is used in the induction motor control.