Research on 3D Route Planning for General Aviation Emergency Rescue under Major Disasters Based on Improved A* Algorithm

To address the route optimization problem of general aviation emergency rescue under major disasters, this study uses GIS and SuperMap for route selection of general aviation emergency rescue. And then it proposes a three-dimensional improved $\mathrm{A}^{\star}$route optimization algorithm based on the performance of rescue aircraft, so as to plan a three-dimensional shortest route that meets the actual complex flight situation. The traditional $\mathrm{A}^{\star}$ algorithm is known for its drawbacks such as high search node count, slow computation speed and restricted two-dimensional space. In order to overcome these challenges, this paper considering its performance limitations in actual rescue flights, such as steering radius, climb/descent angle, and then reducing search nodes from the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. It proposes cost function improvements that consider actual rescue costs and heuristic function improvements that consider estimated rescue costs. This paper takes M-26 as the research object, simulation results show that the improved algorithm can scientifically plan the route of the rescue aircraft and effectively reduce the route planning time and planning length. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of rescue under major disasters and have certain reference significance.