Facility Planning and Operation in Zero Emission Grid with Photovoltaic and Battery Systems

This paper proposes a distribution network operation scheme referred to as the zero emission grid (ZEG) in which all demand is met by renewable energy to reduce the environmental burden. In addition, we propose and evaluate a method for planning and controlling distributed energy resources (DERs) under this scheme. To meet the entire demand with renewable energy, it is necessary to install photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS), and to control them appropriately to satisfy the grid operation constraints such as voltage and thermal line capacity. Therefore, we propose a PV capacity determination method to achieve ZEG and a BESS charging/discharging method to satisfy the grid constraints under the PV installation of the calculated capacity. Furthermore, we performed numerical simulation using a two-distribution-line model with the calculated capacity of PV to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed DER management method. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could satisfy the power flow constraints and utilize the BESS efficiently.