Navigating the Challenges of Converter-Interfaced Generation in Power Systems: A Review of Study Methods and Real-World Applications

The increasing adoption of renewable energy and distributed generation has led to complex, uncertain, and challenging power systems that require continuous improvement in monitoring, protection, and control solutions. This paper aims to review the investigation methods of attributes of complex networks, including controllability, resilience, power balance, protection, and stability, as well as the actual problems caused by converter-interfaced generation and its impact on control and automation systems operational conditions. Reviewed power systems studies are connected with field tests, virtual simulations, and cyber-physical or hardware-in-the-loop tests, with a focus on developing benchmark models for intelligent software and hardware development. The paper also examines the use of Skoltech smartgrid lab and real-time digital simulator (RTDS) facilities, as well as the needs of Russian energy sector. Overall, the study aims to contribute to the transition to a low-carbon, renewable energy system.