The Use of Artificial Transmission Lines as a Tool for Obtaining Compact Directional Couplers

An analysis was carried out to determine the effectiveness of using artificial transmission lines in the form of U-shaped circuits to reduce the space occupied by a directional coupler on the board. Initially, a coupler with two connected loops was calculated, and then a procedure was carried out aimed at reducing its dimensions. Taking into account the fact that it is implemented on a substrate 0.762 mm thick,
$\varepsilon=3.38$
and operates at a frequency of 1.8 GHz, its area was reduced from 860.1
$\text{mm}^{2}$
to 412
$\text{mm}^{2}$
or if this is translated into times, then in 2.08 timeless classic. The obtained results demonstrated the possibility of using the proposed structures as a tool for the miniaturization of couplers with a slight deterioration in their performance.