Design of bald eagle search optimised cascaded PI-FOPID controller for frequency regulation of islanded microgrid system

This article introduces the “Bald Eagle Search Optimisation” (BESO) technique for the improvement of the load frequency control (LFC) of an isolated Microgrid (i-MG) system using a cascaded PI - fractional order FOPID controller. The BESO algorithm is based on a bald eagle's intelligent hunting strategy for food. The i-MG consists of distributed energy sources (DEs) such as wind/ photovoltaic systems with diesel and various energy storage systems (ESSs). Real wind dynamics and photovoltaic uncertainties are considered for this study. The proposed BESO optimised PI-FOPID controller responses are compared with BESO set PID and FOPID controller and also with other typical optimizing tools like differential evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The performance of the proposed approach is studied under stochastic power variations of load, wind and photovoltaic systems under the influence of several ESSs to manage the deficiency of power in critical situations.