Integration of AGC and Real-Time Energy Market Model in Power Systems for Dynamic Performance Analysis

This paper studies real-time balancing of generation and load demand using discrete automatic generation control (AGC) and dynamic real-time energy market (RTEM) model. It is assumed that the RTEM model has a short dispatch trading period of 5 minutes which is somehow comparable with a discrete AGC system. Two different test systems i.e., two-area and three- area systems in the presence of AGC and RTEM model are considered to investigate the dynamic performance. Penetration of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind units is considered as a part of conventional AGC units as well as the RTEM model. It is found that contributions from both AGC and RTEM models improve the dynamic response of the power systems overall by minimizing the frequency and tie-line power deviations.